CJE Community Health Practice Test

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• Endemic refers to diseases that are...
• Which is a data privacy and security best practice in community health programs?
• What is the role of early prenatal care in reducing adverse outcomes?
• What is the difference between lobbying and advocacy in public health practice?
• Differentiate risk assessment from risk management.
• What is health literacy?
• Which variables are included in census data?
• What is evidence-based practice in public health?
• If a relative risk is 1.5, what does this mean for exposed vs unexposed?
• Define negative predictive value (NPV) and its interpretation.
• Which of the following is considered a key component of a risk communication plan?
• Which are essential elements of maintaining confidentiality in community health programs?
• How are confounding and bias defined, and what methods are used to control each?
• What is lead time in project planning and why is it important?
• Which of the following are effective methods for stakeholder engagement in public health planning?
• Which of the following lists are Category A bioterrorism agents?
• What does the RE-AIM framework stand for and promote?
• In START triage, the color Green corresponds to which level of injury?
• Explain upstream vs downstream interventions with an example.
• What is a common final step in CHNA and public health planning that follows data collection?
• For a 70-year-old receiving pneumococcal vaccination, how many doses are recommended?
• Which are the typical stages of the policy process?
• Which study design is best for population-level analyses and generating hypotheses quickly?
• What is cumulative incidence?
• Health Belief Model is used to:
• What does the RE-AIM dimension Maintenance assess?
• Secondary interventions include which example?
• Public health nursing emphasizes which type of interventions?
• Prevalence is defined as...
• Which action is typically performed first in an outbreak investigation?
• Which of the following is an example of a pandemic?
• What is community-based participatory research (CBPR) and why is it valuable?
• Provide an example of bias in a community health survey and how to minimize it.
• Medicaid is public welfare for which groups?
• Which statement describes Medicare eligibility?
• What correctly describes selection bias and information bias in epidemiologic research?
• Which statement differentiates incidence rate from cumulative incidence?
• What is the purpose of stakeholder analysis in program planning?
• What constitutes informed consent in health data collection and when might consent be waived?
• Which type of study sits at the top of the evidence hierarchy?
• Compare gain-framed vs loss-framed messages in health communication.
• Which practice supports achieving health equity?
• Outline the typical steps of a Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA).
• Which statement best reflects strategies to address low health literacy in programs?
• Category C bioterrorism agents include which of the following?
• Which statement correctly defines prevalence and incidence?
• What is upstream thinking in public health?
• Which is a valid set of strategies to address health disparities in a community program?
• How should you interpret a confidence interval that crosses the null value?
• Which are the three components of the epidemiological triangle?
• Differentiate internal validity from external validity.
• Why is age-standardization used when comparing disease rates across populations?
• Define sensitivity and specificity.
• Tertiary interventions include which example?
• Name four major study designs and a key strength of each.
• Which factors are included in the host component of the epidemiological triangle?
• In the START Triage system, which color tag indicates Immediate?
• Within the Investigate Exposures process, which element is included to support risk reduction and follow up?
• What are the key steps in a needs assessment for a community health program?
• CHIP is insurance primarily for which group?
• How do you compute relative risk from a 2x2 table?
• What is a proper rationale for prioritizing needs in a community needs assessment?
• Which statement best describes the difference between incidence and prevalence in epidemiology?
• Which elements should an evaluation plan include?
• Which component is essential to surveillance systems?
• Formative vs summative evaluation in program development.
• In health communication, loss-framed messages are generally more effective for promoting which type of behavior?
• What is the purpose of engaging community leaders in health interventions?
• Obesity is linked to lifestyle, environment, and genetics in the context of which concept?
• What is the positive predictive value (PPV) in diagnostic testing?
• Under Investigate Exposures, which element is included?
• Hepatitis A is transmitted by which route?
• What is the attack rate, and when is it typically used?
• What are SMART objectives and provide an example?
• What is data triangulation and why is it used in community health evaluation?
• What does a p-value indicate in hypothesis testing?
• A p-value of 0.04 indicates what, assuming a typical alpha of 0.05?
• What is the primary advantage of a randomized controlled trial over observational designs?
• A stakeholder analysis in a program planning process typically delivers which of the following?
• What are the main components of a logic model in program planning?
• In case-control studies, which measure is typically used to estimate the association between exposure and outcome?
• Which describes passive artificial immunity?
• Vital statistics primarily includes which records?
• What is the role of blinding in reducing bias in study design?
• Differentiate between raw data and aggregated data.
• Name a source for program data besides primary data collection.
• Which of the following is NOT a long-term health consequence of pesticide exposure?
• Herd immunity is defined as which of the following?
• Who is primarily responsible for protecting participants through ethical review in research?
• Incidence refers to:
• Which statement correctly defines exposure and dose?
• In RE-AIM, which dimension concerns whether an intervention is actually delivered as intended in the real world?
• Which statement best describes community based nursing?
• What is a dose-response relationship and why is it important?
• Name two key constructs of Social Cognitive Theory relevant to health promotion.
• Provide three strategies to improve vaccination uptake in a community.
• What is a key limitation of cross-sectional studies?
• Which of the following is NOT a domain of Social Determinants of Health?
• How do social determinants influence chronic disease risk?
• Medicare Part C is commonly known as what?
• Medicare Part B covers which of the following?
• Which branch interprets the constitutionality of health laws?
• What does the 'do no harm' principle require in public health research ethics?
• How often is census data collected?
• In which scenario is a Health Impact Assessment most appropriate?
• In the Health Belief Model, changes occur at which level?
• Which of the following lists core ethical principles in public health research?
• Passive natural immunity occurs via:
• Which of the following is a primary function of parish nursing?
• Name three social determinants of health.
• What is immunization coverage rate and how is it measured?
• Primary interventions include which example?
• Which term is not one of the four disaster management phases listed in the material?
• Which option is NOT a Bradford Hill criterion?
• Which statement best describes engagement strategies for stakeholders in program planning?
• Why is communication a step in an outbreak investigation?
• Which of the following is NOT a core function of public health?
• What do DALYs measure?
• What does the data minimization principle require?
• What is a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) and when is it used?
• Which of the following is a domain of the Social Determinants of Health?
• Indirect transmission can occur through which examples?
• Which sequence correctly lists the four disaster management phases?
• In a cohort study, which measure quantifies how much more likely the disease is among the exposed compared with the unexposed?
• Which preparedness activity is illustrated by hospital personnel review of emergency operations plans?
• Which of the following is a Bradford Hill criterion indicating a dose-response relationship?
• QALYs are used to measure what?
• Analytic epidemiology investigates what?
• How do health equity and health equality differ?
• Which of the following are reportable diseases?
• Which concept is best described as the amount absorbed by the body?
• Which of the following is an example of primary prevention?
• How does data privacy best practice support program effectiveness?
• Which items belong to the Agent component in the epidemiological triangle?
• Name Bradford Hill criteria with at least three examples.
• Which term best describes a disease outbreak that rises suddenly and can spread quickly?
• Which statement accurately describes the difference between relative risk and odds ratio and when to use each?
• Which statement best defines social determinants of health and provides examples?
• What do QALYs measure?
• Recovery begins during which phase to help restore and resume normal operations?
• Which statement best describes a systems thinking characteristic in community health?
• The Transtheoretical Model states that change occurs over time.
• Which of the following describes the steps of an environmental health risk assessment?
• Which items are part of the environment component in the epidemiological triangle?
• In which study design is relative risk most appropriately calculated?
• Passive artificial immunity is provided by:
• Which disease is given as an example of an endemic condition?
• In resource-limited settings during emergencies, which principle guides ethical allocation of scarce resources?
• Why is cultural competence essential in community health interventions and how can it be integrated?
• In epidemiologic analysis, what is the purpose of stratification and multivariable modeling?
• What does a 95% confidence interval represent?
• Interpret a 95% confidence interval in a health study.
• What is the incidence rate formula?
• Which action best exemplifies a population-level intervention?
• Fire extinguisher trainings are listed as an example of which disaster management phase?
• In evaluation planning, which aspect is an implementation measure in RE-AIM?
• Which statement best reflects RE-AIM and its use?
• Which study design is most efficient for studying rare outcomes?
• What is the primary purpose of a case definition in an outbreak investigation?
• In the epidemiological process, what is the first step?
• Disaggregating data by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status helps identify disparities. True or false?
• In program evaluation, which is a primary focus of process evaluation?
• Natural active immunity arises from:
• What is a key effect of telehealth on accessibility in community health?
• What do DALYs measure?
• Passive natural immunity occurs via
• Natural active immunity is acquired through infection.
• What is the difference between effect modification and confounding?
• Which statement best describes the high-level focus of PRECEDE-PROCEED?
• Which of the following is a common workplace hazard?
• Which of the following is a typical workplace hazard?
• How does disease prevalence affect PPV and NPV?
• Which of the following is listed as an example of mitigation?
• What is the correct interpretation when a confidence interval includes the null value?
• Which practice helps ensure data integrity and accountability in data sharing?
• Give a SMART objective example distinct from the first one.
• An epidemic is best described as...
• In descriptive epidemiology, which factors are used to describe disease distribution?
• What defines a pandemic?
• Contemplation stage in the Transtheoretical Model is characterized by:
• Describe the epidemiologic triad.
• Indirect transmission occurs via which of the following?
• Which indicator is commonly used to assess infant health outcomes?
• Which branch is primarily responsible for enforcing health policies, such as vaccination requirements?
• The preparedness phase is defined by actions to promote which of the following?
• What is a logic model and what are its core components?
• What does a data-use plan in an evaluation plan describe?
• What does cost-effectiveness analysis measure and how is it used in program decisions?
• What does environmental justice seek to address?
• Category B bioterrorism agents include which of the following?
• Which best describes a systems thinking approach in community health?
• What concept emphasizes multiple interrelated causes in chronic disease etiology?
• Which statement about cross-sectional studies is true?
• Define validity and reliability and explain their relationship.
• In the policy process, which stage typically follows policy formulation?
• Which is NOT a step in the environmental health risk assessment?
• Which of the following is typically included in a logic model?
• In the Incident Command System, which position reports directly to the incident commander?
• Herd immunity threshold concept in public health.
• Which of the following is NOT a CHNA step?
• Pneumococcal vaccination for 65+ is given as a
• Which of the following is a long-term health effect of pesticide exposure?
• Which practice is NOT a recommended health literacy accommodation?
• What is public health surveillance?
• Which statement about ethics in public health research is true?
• What is allocation concealment and why is it important in RCTs?
• In epidemiologic analyses, which of the following statements correctly describes the use of relative risk and odds ratio?
• Which statement best describes risk characterization in risk assessment?
• What is the principle of autonomy in public health ethics?
• Tularemia transmission occurs how?
• Which core function involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting health data to determine the health status of a population?
• Which government branch enacts health laws?
• Active artificial immunity arises from:
• Hepatitis B is transmitted by:
• What is the purpose of HIPAA in community health practice?
• What is the BRFSS and what is its primary use in public health?
• Define health literacy and its importance in health communication.
• Which principle requires informed consent when applicable?
• Which organization is categorized as bilateral in global health?
• Passive artificial immunity is obtained by
• Medicare Part A provides which type of coverage?
• In the epidemiological process, what step comes after identifying the problem?
• A pandemic is best described as an outbreak that occurs in
• Which method is NOT typically used to measure immunization coverage?
• Which statement best describes community oriented nursing?
• Which statement best describes the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?
• Which preparedness activity is given as an example?
• What is a confounding variable?
• How do process evaluation and outcome evaluation differ?
• What does SMART stand for in program objectives?
• Medicare Part D provides which of the following?
• Name three core constructs of the Health Belief Model.
• What is health equity and how does it differ from equality?
• Which guideline supports ethical allocation of scarce resources in emergencies?
• In the I PREPARE framework, what does it primarily determine?
• The phase that focuses on actions after a disaster to save lives and reduce damage is called?
• Which statement about risk communication is true?
• Which statements describe the evidence hierarchy and its importance?